Head lice (Pediculus capitis) infestations are very common globally. Although the majority of head lice infestations are asymptomatic, they can be difficult to treat. However, the involvement of the caregiver and adequate education about treatment strategies can result in successful treatment. Pediculosis is likely to become more common over the next few years, as resistance continues to develop to chemical treatments. This article describes some of the problems associated with head lice, as well as providing an overview of the treatment strategies involved, including medical options and practical tips for parents.