This article is concerned with the effect of the strain rate on the strain hardening behavior of polymer-bonded explosives at a wide range of strain rates ranging from 0.0001 s^–1 to 3870 s^–1. Inert polymer-bonded explosive simulants are prepared as specialized particulate composites to acquire analogous mechanical characteristics to polymer-bonded explosives for safety reasons. Uniaxial compressive tests were conducted from quasi-static states to intermediate strain rates ranging from 0.0001 s^–1 to 100 s^–1 with cylindrical specimens using a dynamic material testing machine (INSTRON 8801) and a high-speed material testing machine. An experimental method was developed for uniaxial compressive tests at intermediate strain rates ranging from 10 s^–1 to 100 s^–1. Split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were performed at high strain rates ranging from 1250 s^–1 to 3870 s^–1. Deformation behavior was investigated using captured images from a high-speed camera. The strain hardening behavior of polymer-bonded explosive simulants was formulated as a function of the strain rate with the proposed rate-dependent hardening model based on the DSGZ model. The model is capable of representing the complicated strain rate effects on the strain hardening behavior for rate-sensitive materials with a second-order exponentially-increasing function of the strain rate sensitivity. The rate-dependent hardening model of polymer-bonded explosives can be readily applied to prediction of deformation modes of polymer-bonded explosives in a warhead that undergoes severe dynamic loads.