Health literacy is the ability to absorb and use information relating to health. Low levels of health literacy are associated with higher levels of hospital admissions, emergency department attendances and reduced up-take of screening and vaccinations. Additionally, low health literacy is linked to poorer general health and increased mortality. All doctors, but especially GPs, need a clear and sensitive approach to assess and adapt for low health literacy in the consultation. As GPs play a vital role in health promotion, a good understanding of health literacy is essential. This article aims to improve knowledge, awareness and understanding of health literacy and suggests ideas for everyday practice.