A Review of Anesthetic Considerations for Subcutaneous and Extravascular Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Kenji Tanabe, Broc Burke, Jillian Vitter, Matthew Zipse, Samuel Gilliland, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

Published online on August 14, 2026

Abstract

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Ahead of Print.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are critical for the prevention of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias and are commonly encountered in the perioperative space. Traditional devices contain transvenous leads that are ...