Hubs, Flows and Hierarchies: Mapping European Student Mobility
Published online on July 28, 2026
Abstract
["Population, Space and Place, Volume 32, Issue 6, August 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines the structural evolution of intra‐European student degree mobility networks for non‐PhD and PhD students across two periods (2013–2019 and 2020–2023) marked by Brexit and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Employing network analysis and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) gravity models, we identify persistent core‐periphery hierarchies, with Western and Northern European nations acting as dominant hubs. The analysis identifies key mobility hubs, discerns the primary corridors of movement and quantifies the economic, institutional, cultural and geographical factors associated with these patterns. Four theoretical lenses—world‐systems, human capital, acculturation and aspirational—frame the interpretation. The results indicate that economic disparities, educational quality and trade and knowledge cooperation are associated with stronger student flows. Cultural‐linguistic proximity and existing diasporas are also linked to mobility patterns, while symbolic prestige and institutional reputation accompany the attractiveness of core destinations. The overall network topology remains broadly stable across both periods, with geopolitical shocks absorbed through a reweighting of bilateral flows rather than structural change. A UK‐specific event‐study nevertheless identifies substantial inbound declines aligned with the 2016 referendum for PhD flows and with the 2021 EU/EEA fee‐status change for non‐PhD flows, indicating that aggregate stability coexists with significant country‐level adjustment.\n"]