Contentful skills: Procedural memory and the representational challenge to non‐representational cognition
Mind & Language / Mind and Language
Published online on July 28, 2026
Abstract
["Mind &Language, EarlyView. ", "\nProcedural memory—the system underlying skills and habits—is inherently contentful. We argue, drawing on standard accounts of intentionality, that it exhibits a world‐to‐mind direction of fit and is governed by satisfaction conditions that normatively guide skilled action. Four convergent arguments support this: the conceptual structure of procedural memory's directive function; the phenomenon of misrepresentation in apraxia; the constitutive role of contentful goal states in motor control models; and the semantic interface between verbal instruction and action. This challenges anti‐representationalist accounts in embodied cognition and philosophy of memory—including radical enactivism and the skilled intentionality framework—and supports a unified representationalist framework for embodied agency.\n"]