Optimal HEV energy management strategy combined with fast model for ICE transient simulations
International Journal of Engine Research
Published online on July 09, 2026
Abstract
International Journal of Engine Research, Ahead of Print.
A novel method combining an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) with an empirical internal combustion engine (ICE) model, ILDB (Investigation of Local Dynamic Behaviour), is described. This combined tool ...
A novel method combining an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) based on Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP) with an empirical internal combustion engine (ICE) model, ILDB (Investigation of Local Dynamic Behaviour), is described. This combined tool ...