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The conundrum of alpha-synuclein antibody failures in Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review of mechanisms and alternative metabolic hypotheses

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Published online on

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, Volume 19, January-December 2026.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains the second most common neurodegenerative disorder globally, yet disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. The past decade of therapeutic development has been dominated by the hypothesis that alpha-synuclein aggregates ...