“We’ve become a passport factory”: Identity and reputation concerns in St. Lucia’s citizenship by investment program

Jimmy Naipaul, Indrani Bachan-Persad, Rita Persaud, Ajay Kumar, Khagendra Nath Gangai, Research Department, International Executive School, Economic Engagement and Industry Partnerships, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, School of Business Studies, Sharda University, Greater Noida

Ethnicities

Published online on July 07, 2026

Abstract

Ethnicities, Ahead of Print.
Citizenship-by-investment programs have spread to a number of countries over the past four decades, though several have since been suspended or shut down amid international pressure. How native-born citizens perceive this commodification of national ...