Association of Protein C, but Not Protein S or Antithrombin With Ischemic Stroke: Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization and Meta-Analysis

Liang Shu, Bin He, Cong Yu, Jie Li, Liguo Zhang, Ping Zheng, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People, s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Shibei Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong New area People, s Hospital

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis

Published online on July 02, 2026

Abstract

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Volume 32, January-December 2026.
AimTo explore the causal effects of protein C and protein S on ischemic stroke (IS) risk.MethodsEmploying a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we investigated the causal association between protein C, protein S and anti-...