["European Journal of Social Psychology, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nWhile prior research has primarily examined shared experiences of oppression as a mechanism to cultivate solidarity, this approach fails to contextualize intergroup dynamics in specific oppressive socio‐political‐economic systems. Incorporating historical materialism to advance allyship and solidarity, we examined the 2023 digital action ‘I'm Not Palestinian But’ where people globally on the social media platform X stated their motivations to stand in solidarity with the Palestinian people. A thematic analysis of 391 posts in this action revealed five themes of pro‐Palestine solidarity motivations. The majority of participants expressed pro‐Palestine solidarity because of their shared experience (with the Palestinian people) of hegemony and empire (subthemes: colonization and Western imperialism) and shared experience of systems of domination (subthemes: caste systems and state violence). In a dialectical relationship with these two themes, shared strengths emerged as another motivation. Individual critical consciousness and intrapersonal motivations (emotion and morality) were identified as two individual‐level factors that motivated solidarity. Findings challenge the dominant approaches to allyship/solidarity and emphasize the role of historical materialism in cultivating emancipatory activism.\n"]