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The 1965 “Gloria Films,” Then and Now

Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences / Journal for the History of the Behavioral Sciences

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Abstract

["Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, Volume 62, Issue 3, Summer 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nEverett Shostrom's 1965 Three Approaches to Psychotherapy films were created and used as demonstrations of how to do psychotherapy. After a brief account of how they came about, precises of the three films are presented to highlight major differences among them. These are followed by descriptions of post‐filming reactions and interactions of the participants—Gloria Szymanski, Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls, and Albert Ellis. Consideration then is given to the possible impact of the “Gloria Films” on Americans' acceptance of psychotherapy as a pathway to self‐improvement that competed with more longstanding views of psychotherapy as applied to the alleviation of serious mental illness. It is also argued that more recently, the films have been used to demonstrate how not to do psychotherapy and to reveal how psychotherapy can exploit as well as help. This work is a close study of the films that attempts to explain their enduring relevance and impact, while also providing an example of how changing historical, biographical, and sociocultural contexts must be considered in any commendations or criticisms concerning applied psychological practices such as psychotherapy. Particular attention is paid to Gloria Szymanski as central to the films' enduring impact.\n"]