Whose Centre Holds? White Normativity in Race Dimensions Across Word Embeddings

Nnaemeka Ohamadike, Kevin Durrheim, Mpho Primus, Centre for Applied Data Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute for Artificial Intelligence Systems, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Social Science Computer Review

Published online on June 01, 2026

Abstract

Social Science Computer Review, Ahead of Print.
Bias in word embeddings is often measured using bipolar dimensions, constructed as the difference between two anchor centroids. This technique assumes both poles are symmetrical and equally informative. However, normativity literature shows that one ...