Association of inflammation with sex hormones and vitamin D in women: Findings from NHANES (2021–2023)

Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Saeed Baradwan, Heba M Adly, Saleh A K Saleh, Saud Owaimer Alsehaimi, Hedayah Albelwi, Saad M S Alqarni, Mohammed Ziad Jamjoom, Safa Alabdrabalamir, Mohannad Alsabban, Ahmed Nazer, Osama Alomar, Ismail A Al-Badawi

Scottish Medical Journal

Published online on June 06, 2026

Abstract

Scottish Medical Journal, Volume 71, Issue 3, Page 92-101, August 2026.
ObjectiveTo examine associations between systemic inflammation, sex hormones, and vitamin D levels in U.S. women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES 2021–2023 data from 3179 women aged 18–80 years. Participants were grouped by high-...