Squaring the care trilemma through twofold dualization. Institutional change and diversity in Italy and Spain

Oscar Molina, Anna Mori, Joan Rodríguez-Soler, Department of Sociology, Sociological Research Centre on Everyday Life and Work , Institute for Labour Studies , Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan

European Journal of Industrial Relations

Published online on June 15, 2026

Abstract

European Journal of Industrial Relations, Volume 32, Issue 3, Page 255-275, September 2026.
This paper analyses the role of employment relations in squaring the care trilemma in Italy and Spain. These two countries exhibit similar welfare states and care models, characterised by familistic traditions alongside relatively strong industrial ...