Linking Parents’ Appropriated Racial Oppression to Their Racial-Ethnic Socialization Practices: An Intergenerational Examination Among Black Parent-Child Dyads

Shardé McNeil Smith, Anisa Codamon, Chelsea S. Alexander, Jaden Anderson, Shawn C. T, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

Published online on June 03, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print.
Black Americans face not only systemic racism but also the internalization of white supremacist ideologies, a process known as appropriated racial oppression (ARO). ARO involves adopting harmful racial stereotypes that can shape self-concept and behavior. ...