How the Allies’ Diplomatic Dialogue Influenced Franco's Foreign Policy in the Context of Operation Backbone (1942–1943)
Published online on February 13, 2026
Abstract
War in History, Ahead of Print.
The success of Operation Torch and the Allies’ negotiations with Franco, in the context of Operation Backbone (1942–1943), demonstrates the political and military stakes that the Allies had in both operations. Torch held a central place within Allied ...
The success of Operation Torch and the Allies’ negotiations with Franco, in the context of Operation Backbone (1942–1943), demonstrates the political and military stakes that the Allies had in both operations. Torch held a central place within Allied ...