PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes as prognostic factors in canine mammary tumors
Published online on February 04, 2026
Abstract
Veterinary Pathology, Ahead of Print.
The PD-1 protein is an immune checkpoint present on T cells and, when bound to PD-L1, it inhibits the immune response. Tumor cells can exploit this mechanism to escape immune surveillance. In this study, we characterized the expression of PD-L1 and the ...
The PD-1 protein is an immune checkpoint present on T cells and, when bound to PD-L1, it inhibits the immune response. Tumor cells can exploit this mechanism to escape immune surveillance. In this study, we characterized the expression of PD-L1 and the ...