Fear of crowding and overtourism: Scale development and validation

Tamara Gajić, Dragan Vukolić, Ali Reza Ranjbaran, Geographical Institute , Jovan Cvijić, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, University of Business Studies, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology

Tourism and Hospitality Research

Published online on March 20, 2026

Abstract

Tourism and Hospitality Research, Ahead of Print.
One of the most visible manifestations of overtourism is crowding; however, little is known about the psychological mechanisms through which crowds affect tourists. This paper presents the Fear of Crowding scale and supports its validity by demonstrating ...