Development, Validity and Reliability of the Avoidance of Sports Activities Photo Scale (ASAP-Shoulder-Scale) in Athletes With Shoulder Pain
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Published online on August 21, 2025
Abstract
Sports Health, Volume 18, Issue 3, Page 629-636, May/June 2026.
Background:Fear-avoidance beliefs and kinesiophobia can contribute to shoulder pain–related avoidance behavior. In athletes, symptoms may only become apparent during training and competition. To identify shoulder pain–related avoidance behaviors, a ...
Background:Fear-avoidance beliefs and kinesiophobia can contribute to shoulder pain–related avoidance behavior. In athletes, symptoms may only become apparent during training and competition. To identify shoulder pain–related avoidance behaviors, a ...