Statistics for the Clinician II: The T-test, Its Versions, and Its Alternatives

Sherwin Thiyagarajan, Paul Abboud, Reza Ehsanian, Ross Hanson, Timothy R. Petersen, Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics , University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of New Mexico School of Medicine

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia

Published online on April 20, 2026

Abstract

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Ahead of Print.
The t-test is a mainstay statistical test that allows researchers to use the observed averages (arithmetic means) of data samples to draw evidence-supported conclusions about the corresponding averages in the populations they represent. This article ...