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Native language phonological and phonetic influences on second language perception of Vietnamese tones

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Second Language Research

Published online on

Abstract

Second Language Research, Volume 42, Issue 3, Page 399-422, July 2026.
This study examines first language (L1) phonological and phonetic influences on the perception of Vietnamese tones by Mandarin speakers learning Vietnamese as a second language (L2) in light of the Perceptual Assimilation Model. Participants were divided ...