Robustness analysis and performance comparison of a novel intelligent frost identification methods for air-source heat pump based on gray-level Co-occurrence matrix

Yunyu Liu, Peng Wang, Lvming Chen, Jianfeng Mao, Zhe Sun, Mengjie Song, Yingjie Xu, Institute of Chemical Machinery, Engineering Research Center of Process Equipment and Remanufacturing, Ministry of Education, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Taizhou Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Department of Commercial Refrigeration Control, Zhejiang Sanhua Commercial Refrigeration Controls Co, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy

Published online on October 24, 2025

Abstract

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, Volume 240, Issue 3, Page 386-404, May 2026.
Air-source heat pump plays a crucial role in the global energy transition as efficient heating solutions. However, frost accumulation on outdoor evaporators significantly degrades their performance in cold climates. Currently used defrosting methods ...