Spray cooling heat transfer enhancement using graphene nanofluids: An experimental approach

Sukhdeep Singh, Rajeev Kukreja, Sushmita Sharma, Manmeet Singh, Sahil Sharma, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CGC University, Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Technology, CGC University

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy

Published online on November 17, 2025

Abstract

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, Volume 240, Issue 3, Page 405-418, May 2026.
This study experimentally investigates the thermal performance of graphene–water nanofluids for spray cooling applications under high-heat-flux conditions. Five nanoparticle volume concentrations (0.01%–0.2%) were systematically analyzed to determine the ...