Patients with primary varicose veins have few venous valves in the proximal femoral vein and great saphenous vein: A cadaveric and ultrasound examination of living subjects

Hiroki Mitsuoka, Chihiro Yodogawa, Takahiro Arima, Sora Wanibuchi, Munekazu Naito, Akio Kodama, Department of Vascular Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Department of Central Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University

Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease

Published online on January 05, 2026

Abstract

Phlebology, Ahead of Print.
ObjectivesThe pathogenesis of primary varicose veins (PVVs) is multifactorial and remains incompletely understood; however, venous valve dysfunction is recognized as a key factor. Previous studies have suggested racial differences in the prevalence and ...