Vacuum-assisted venous drainage versus gravitational venous drainage in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis

Karam R. Motawea, Ahmed Farid Gadelmawla, Momen Mohamed Ibrahim, Tarek Soliman, Yasameen A. Kheuka, Adam Tzagournis, Mohammad El Diasty, Yasir Abu-Omar, Marc Pelletier, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Medical Research Group of Egypt , Negida Academy, Deapartment of Cardiology, Banner University Medical Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sheikh Zayed Specialized Hospital, Department of Medicine, Azerbaijan Medical University, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven

Perfusion

Published online on December 20, 2025

Abstract

Perfusion, Ahead of Print.
IntroductionVacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) has been proposed as a better alternative option than conventional gravitational venous drainage (GVD) in cardiac surgery. However, the literature reports conflicting results between both methods in terms ...