Calculation of blood loss in cardiac surgery: How should we monitor?

Yerlan Orazymbetov, Serik Aitaliyev, Povilas Jakuška, Audronė Veikutienė, Tadas Lenkutis, Rassul Zhumagaliyev, Aušra Saudargienė, Rimantas Benetis, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Scientific Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Care, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

Perfusion

Published online on August 20, 2025

Abstract

Perfusion, Volume 41, Issue 4, Page 470-477, May 2026.
BackgroundThe bleeding in cardiac surgery remains a significant clinical problem. There is no “gold standard” method to quantify blood loss. Traditional measurement of drainage volume often underestimates or overestimates, as it does not consider the type ...