Vitamin D and rheumatoid arthritis in European populations: Unraveling causal links and the mediating role of sex hormones via Mendelian randomization
Published online on March 11, 2026
Abstract
Nutrition and Health, Ahead of Print.
BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint damage and disability. Vitamin D (VD) shows immunomodulatory effects in RA, but its causal role and potential mediation by sex hormones remain unclear.ObjectivesTo examine ...
BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint damage and disability. Vitamin D (VD) shows immunomodulatory effects in RA, but its causal role and potential mediation by sex hormones remain unclear.ObjectivesTo examine ...