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Covert political campaigning: Mapping the scope, scale, and cost of cross-platform election influence operations

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New Media & Society

Published online on

Abstract

New Media & Society, Volume 28, Issue 4, Page 1686-1709, April 2026.
This study investigates gray areas of contemporary political campaigning from a political economy perspective. Using qualitative field and digital methods, computational methods, and economic modeling, it analyzes the scope, scale, and cost of ...