An imbalance-aware masked autoencoder framework for percussion-based bolt-ball joint looseness monitoring under few-shot and long-tailed conditions

Wen Bo, Yong Lv, Rui Yuan, Hongan Wu, Zhiwen Lu, Weihang Zhu, Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land

Journal of Vibration and Control

Published online on April 17, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Vibration and Control, Ahead of Print.
This study addresses sample scarcity and long-tailed class distributions in percussion-based bolt-ball joint looseness monitoring by proposing an imbalance-aware continuous wavelet transform-based masked autoencoder (CWT-MAE) framework. Each single ...