Monitoring of water contamination in lubricants for rotating machines using acoustic emission signals based on the IVY-VMD-CNN

Jiaojiao Ma, Tengyun Liu, Jiefei Yu, Fengshou Gu, Chao Fu, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Institute of Vibration Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University

Journal of Vibration and Control

Published online on November 17, 2025

Abstract

Journal of Vibration and Control, Ahead of Print.
Effective lubrication is essential for the smooth operation and safety of rotating machinery. However, water contamination will significantly reduce the lubrication effectiveness, accelerate equipment wear, and raise maintenance costs. For instance, the ...