Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus 2.3.4.4b in alpacas

Kimberly A. Lehman, Scott R. Leibsle, Linda Detwiler, Cynthia Gaborick, Lori McCoy-Harrison, Kevin Snekvik, Kris Lantz, Mia Kim Torchetti, Suelee Robbe-Austerman

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

Published online on January 30, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, Ahead of Print.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype 3.13, was first confirmed in dairy cattle in March 2024 in a Texas dairy herd and has since spread to other states, likely via movement of subclinically affected cattle. On ...