Top Down and Bottom Up: Using the Deductive-Inductive Dual Pillar Integration Process (DID-PIP) to Answer Multilevel-Systems Questions

Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides, Allison R. Firestone, Alexandra Aylward, Roey Ahram, Natasha Strassfeld, Jane Y. Jeong, Department of Special Education, City University of New York-Hunter College, New York, Department of Research, San Francisco Unified School District, San Fransisco, Department of Educational Studies, University of Nevada, Grow Your Own Illinois, Department of Special Education, University of Texas at Austin

Journal of Mixed Methods Research

Published online on September 24, 2025

Abstract

Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Volume 20, Issue 2, Page 184-210, April 2026.
Despite increasing calls for transparent integration, the mixed methods field lacks replicable approaches that center theory to answer multilevel-systems questions. We describe the Deductive-Inductive Dual Pillar Integration Process (DID-PIP), a five-...