In this paper the influence of calender temperature on the crystallization behavior of polylactide (PLA) non-woven fabrics during their manufacturing by the spun-bonding technique is described. Non-woven samples were studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and birefringence. In addition, physical–mechanical properties of the non-woven fabrics were determined. The results are discussed in terms of structural changes of PLA and meso-phase content during the calendering process in the temperature range 70–130°C. The rebuilding of the supermolecular structure of the investigated samples of PLA fabrics under the influence of increasing calender temperature is observed in terms of the disorder-to-order phase transition ( to α form) during heating around 110°C, and increased degree of crystallinity up to 100°C. The presented structural rebuild of PLA explains observed changes of physical–mechanical properties of the non-woven fabrics obtained at different calendering temperatures. During calendering above 100°C, thermal degradation of PLA occurs at the point of contact between the non-woven fabrics and the calender rollers.