Unlocking the combat equation: do attackers or defenders have an extra advantage?
The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology
Published online on March 12, 2026
Abstract
The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation, Ahead of Print.
Closed-form combat equations, such as the Lanchester and Helmbold relations, have long been used to describe battle outcomes at an aggregate level, but they do not directly provide probabilities of victory or expected combat duration. Building on this ...
Closed-form combat equations, such as the Lanchester and Helmbold relations, have long been used to describe battle outcomes at an aggregate level, but they do not directly provide probabilities of victory or expected combat duration. Building on this ...