How Emoji in Company Responses to Online Consumer Complaints Affect Observers: Emoji as Visual Signalling Cues in Webcare
Journal of Business Communication
Published online on October 07, 2025
Abstract
International Journal of Business Communication, Ahead of Print.
When companies respond to consumer complaints on social media, many others can observe this online complaint handling (‘webcare’). Therefore, public service recovery messages not just affect the initial consumer’s satisfaction, but also observers’ ...
When companies respond to consumer complaints on social media, many others can observe this online complaint handling (‘webcare’). Therefore, public service recovery messages not just affect the initial consumer’s satisfaction, but also observers’ ...