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Reactive oxygen species-mediated epidermal stress in human keratinocytes under dual exposure to blue light and heated tobacco product

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Human & Experimental Toxicology

Published online on

Abstract

Human & Experimental Toxicology, Volume 45, January-December 2026.
IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly used among young people and adolescents, while their long-term toxicological effects remain insufficiently characterized. In parallel, frequent use of electronic devices has led to prolonged ...