From Worth More to Worth Less: The True Cost of Manufacturing the “Wirthmor” Shirtwaist, 1913–1921
Clothing and Textiles Research Journal
Published online on January 13, 2026
Abstract
Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Ahead of Print.
This paper examines the “Wirthmor” method, a management system put forward by the Cleveland-based apparel manufacturer, L. N. Gross Company, in 1913. Founded by Louis Newton Gross in 1898, the company became one of the largest shirtwaist manufacturers in ...
This paper examines the “Wirthmor” method, a management system put forward by the Cleveland-based apparel manufacturer, L. N. Gross Company, in 1913. Founded by Louis Newton Gross in 1898, the company became one of the largest shirtwaist manufacturers in ...