Impact of Non-Tobacco Nicotine Use on Outcomes Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Published online on March 20, 2026
Abstract
Foot & Ankle International, Ahead of Print.
Background:Non-tobacco nicotine (NTN) products including e-cigarettes, nicotine pouches, and synthetic nicotine devices have become increasingly popular. Although the adverse effects of tobacco-derived nicotine on other surgical outcomes are well ...
Background:Non-tobacco nicotine (NTN) products including e-cigarettes, nicotine pouches, and synthetic nicotine devices have become increasingly popular. Although the adverse effects of tobacco-derived nicotine on other surgical outcomes are well ...