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In-group we trust, no more? How senders’ legitimacy shapes the success of sanctions-based democracy promotion

Cooperation and Conflict

Published online on

Abstract

Cooperation and Conflict, Volume 61, Issue 1, Page 120-148, March 2026.
For decades, pro-democracy states and organizations have been using coercive measures such as sanctions to promote and uphold democratic governance worldwide, yet not always successfully. Recent research has improved our knowledge on such ‘democracy ...