A modular pipeline for natural language processing-screened human abstraction of a pragmatic trial outcome from electronic health records

Robert Y Lee, Kevin S Li, James Sibley, Trevor Cohen, William B Lober, Janaki O, Nicole LeDuc, Kasey Mallon Andrews, Anna Ungar, Jessica Walsh, Elizabeth L Nielsen, Danae G Dotolo, Erin K Kross

Clinical Trials: Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials

Published online on February 13, 2026

Abstract

Clinical Trials, Volume 23, Issue 2, Page 145-154, April 2026.
Background:Natural language processing allows efficient extraction of clinical variables and outcomes from electronic health records (EHRs). However, measuring pragmatic clinical trial outcomes may demand accuracy that exceeds natural language processing ...