Data-driven method for estimating fixture use probability in simultaneous peak water flow calculations

Sheena Fernandez, Lynne Jack, Sarat Dass, School of Energy, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology: An International Journal

Published online on October 01, 2025

Abstract

Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, Volume 47, Issue 3, Page 373-390, May 2026.
Simultaneous peak water flow (SPWF) is a fundamental parameter calculated during the design phase to ensure the proper sizing of water systems in buildings. Over the years, overestimation has been a persistent problem in SPWF studies, leading to ...