A probabilistic multi-variable hybrid approach to window operations and indoor comfort in residential dorms

Osama Maqsood Janjua, Syed Maaz Hasan, Muhammad Sajid, James Brusey, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Artificial Intelligence for Mechanical Systems , School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Centre for Computational Science and Mathematical Modeling, Coventry University

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology: An International Journal

Published online on January 28, 2026

Abstract

Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, Volume 47, Issue 4, Page 517-539, July 2026.
Occupant window interaction is a critical component in optimizing energy consumption and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Understanding the influence of environmental and behavioral factors on window state decisions remains a significant challenge in ...