Exploring the effects of short-term indoor CO2 exposure on heart rate and cognition in university students: A pilot study

Xiaoqiang Gong, Dong Jiang, Xiangfei Wei, Zhanzhan Jiao, Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Bozhou University, Macau Environmental Research Institute, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Department of Economics and Management, Bozhou University

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology: An International Journal

Published online on February 24, 2026

Abstract

Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, Ahead of Print.
Indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation in university classrooms is associated with fluctuations in students’ cognitive performance. This study investigated the preliminary associations between short-term CO2exposure, heart rate (HR), and cognitive ...