Perceptions of Safety and Threat in the Environment: The STEP Scale
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Published online on July 29, 2025
Abstract
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Volume 52, Issue 9, Page 2880-2913, September 2026.
The Safety and Threat in Environment Perceptions (STEP) scale assesses perceptions ofenvironmentsas safe (welcoming, inclusive) or threatening (critical, intimidating). We first evaluated the factor structure of the scale and demonstrated its unique ...
The Safety and Threat in Environment Perceptions (STEP) scale assesses perceptions ofenvironmentsas safe (welcoming, inclusive) or threatening (critical, intimidating). We first evaluated the factor structure of the scale and demonstrated its unique ...