Beyond Rapid Guessing: Evaluating Test Engagement With Successful and Unsuccessful Time Management Through Process Data in TIMSS 2019

Elena C. Papanastasiou, Michalis P. Michaelides, Aikaterini Gkolia, Department of Education, School of Education, University of Nicosia, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Education, University of Cyprus

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

Published online on February 13, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, Ahead of Print.
Response times serve as reliable measures of engagement that are less prone to self-report biases. By utilizing response times, we examined the indicators of Successful Time Management (STM) and Unsuccessful Time Management (UTM) across the 36 countries ...