On the Complex Sources of Differential Item Functioning: A Comparison of Three Methods
Educational and Psychological Measurement
Published online on November 08, 2025
Abstract
Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print.
Differential item functioning (DIF) has been a long-standing problem in educational and psychological measurement. In practice, the source from which DIF originates can be complex in the sense that an item can show DIF on multiple background variables of ...
Differential item functioning (DIF) has been a long-standing problem in educational and psychological measurement. In practice, the source from which DIF originates can be complex in the sense that an item can show DIF on multiple background variables of ...