How Extreme Is It Anyways?: An Empirical Investigation Into the Prevalence and Strength of Extreme Response Style
Educational and Psychological Measurement
Published online on April 10, 2026
Abstract
Educational and Psychological Measurement, Ahead of Print.
Extreme response style (ERS), the tendency of participants to endorse the extreme categories of an item partially independent of item content, has repeatedly been found to decrease the validity of Likert-type scale results. For this reason, many IRT ...
Extreme response style (ERS), the tendency of participants to endorse the extreme categories of an item partially independent of item content, has repeatedly been found to decrease the validity of Likert-type scale results. For this reason, many IRT ...