An Analysis of Measurement Invariance of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Between Indonesia, Germany, and the USA
Published online on September 10, 2025
Abstract
Assessment, Ahead of Print.
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a screening tool for assessing depressive symptomatology that has received widespread use. However, there is a scarcity of research on whether the instrument measures the same construct between high-income (...
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a screening tool for assessing depressive symptomatology that has received widespread use. However, there is a scarcity of research on whether the instrument measures the same construct between high-income (...