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Downward Geographical Mobility and Upward Social Mobility: Women’s Return Migration and Entrepreneurship in China’s Small Cities and Remote Counties

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American Behavioral Scientist

Published online on

Abstract

American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 70, Issue 6, Page 818-843, May 2026.
Migration studies often assume a hierarchy of places that drives a periphery-to-core movement and regard reverse migration as being related to downward social mobility. This study draws on in-depth interviews with 16 highly educated women migrants who ...